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The 1st Newcastle Engineer Volunteers, later Northumbrian Divisional Engineers, was a Royal Engineer (RE) unit of Britain's Volunteer Force and Territorial Army founded in 1860. Its companies saw action in both World Wars, particularly at the Battle of Rosières and the assault crossing of the River Selle in 1918, and on D-Day in 1944. Its successors continue to serve in today's Army Reserve. ==Early history== The 1st Newcastle Engineer Volunteers (EV) was raised at company strength in Newcastle upon Tyne during the enthusiasm for the Volunteer movement engendered by the invasion scare of 1859; its first officers' commissions were dated 1 September 1860.〔Beckett, Appendix IX.〕〔''Army List''.〕 Many early volunteers came from Armstrong's engineering works at Elswick.〔Short ''et al'', p. 1.〕 The company was attached for administrative purposes to the 1st Newcastle upon Tyne Rifle Volunteer Corps.〔Westlake, p. 13.〕 In 1874 the Newcastle company was united with the larger (8 companies) 1st Durham EV at Jarrow on the opposite (County Durham) bank of the River Tyne. This unit had been raised and commanded by Charles Palmer (1822–1907), founder of Palmers Shipbuilding and Iron Company and later the first mayor and Member of Parliament for Jarrow.〔''Burke's''.〕 The two units were formed into the 1st Durham Administrative Battalion EV, consolidated in 1880 as the 1st Newcastle upon Tyne and Durham EV, with Palmer as commanding officer and an establishment of 1300 men.〔〔〔Westlake, pp. 7 & 13.〕〔Short ''et al'', p. 2.〕 Palmer, by now created Sir Charles Palmer, 1st Baronet of Grinkle Park, retired from the unit in 1888 with the rank of Colonel. The same year, the 1st Newcastle & Durham EV was split into three separate units: the 1st Newcastle-on-Tyne RE (Volunteers), the 1st Durham RE (V),〔(Durham Fortress Engineers at Regiments.org )〕 and the Tyne Division RE (V), Submarine Miners, which later became the Tyne Electrical Engineers.〔〔Short ''et al'', pp. 4–5.〕〔Westlake, p. 15.〕〔(Tyne Electrical Engineers at Regiments.org )〕 Both the 1st Newcastle RE (V) and the Tyne Submarine Miners derived their seniority from the original 1st Newcastle EV established in 1860.〔(80–117 RE Rgts at British Army 1945 on. )〕 The Lieutenant-Colonel Commandant of the new 1st Newcastle RE was Sir Charles Palmer's younger brother, Alfred Septimus Palmer (1834–1910), a Newcastle mining engineer who had been a major in the 1st Newcastle & Durham EV.〔〔(Alfred Septimus Palmer family tree and biography at Eric Palmer's Home Page, accessed 5/2/15 )〕 The honorary Colonel was William Henry Allinson (1827–1917), who had been second-in-command of the 1st Newcastle & Durham.〔〔(Wiiliam Henry Allinson family tree and biography at The Thompsons, Shipbuilders of Sunderland family website, accessed 5/2/15 )〕 The unit sent a detachment of one officer and 25 other ranks to assist the regular REs during the Second Boer War in 1900.〔Watson, p. 42.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「1st Newcastle Engineers」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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